Custom action filters in asp.net mvc

Actions are public methods in a controller. Action filters are attributes, that can be applied either on a controller or on a controller action method, which allow us to add pre and post processing logic to the action methods.

So, in simple terms an action filter allow us to execute some custom code, either, just before an action method is executed or immediately after an action method completes execution. 

Now let's discuss, creating a custom action filter. The custom action filter that we are going to build, should log the following information to a text file.  1. The name of the controller 2. The name of the action method 3. Execution time 4. If there is an exception, log the exception message and the time of the exception.
The output of the text file should be as shown below.

 There are 4 types of filters in asp.net mvc. 1. Authorization filters - Implements IAuthorizationFilter. Examples include AuthorizeAttribute and RequireHttpsAttribute. These filters run before any other filter. 2. Action filters - Implement IActionFilter 3. Result filters - Implement IResultFilter. Examples include OutputCacheAttribute.  4. Exception filters - Implement IExceptionFilter. Examples include HandleErrorAttribute.
For detailed explanation of these attributes, please refer to the following MSDN link http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/gg416513(v=vs.98).aspx


Step 1: Create an asp.net mvc 4 application using "Empty" template
Step 2: Right click on the project name in solution explorer and add "Data" folder. Add a text file to this folder and name it Data.txt
Step 3: Right click on the project name in solution explorer and add "Common" folder. Add a class file to this folder and name it "TrackExecutionTime.cs". Copy and paste the following code. Notice that our custom filter "TrackExecutionTime" inherits from ActionFilterAttribute and IExceptionFilter. ActionFilterAttribute class implements IActionFilter and IResultFilter.
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Mvc; using System.IO;
namespace MVCDemo.Common {
    public class TrackExecutionTime : ActionFilterAttribute, IExceptionFilter
    {
        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            string message = "\n" + filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName +
                " -> " + filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName + " -> OnActionExecuting \t- " +
                DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n";
            LogExecutionTime(message);
        }
        public override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            string message = "\n" + filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ControllerDescriptor.ControllerName +
                " -> " + filterContext.ActionDescriptor.ActionName + " -> OnActionExecuted \t- " +
                DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n";
            LogExecutionTime(message);
        }
        public override void OnResultExecuting(ResultExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            string message = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString() +
                " -> " + filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString() +
                " -> OnResultExecuting \t- " + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n";
            LogExecutionTime(message);
        }
        public override void OnResultExecuted(ResultExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            string message = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString() +
                " -> " + filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString() +
                " -> OnResultExecuted \t- " + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n";
            LogExecutionTime(message);
            LogExecutionTime("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
        }
        public void OnException(ExceptionContext filterContext)
        {
            string message = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString() + " -> " +
               filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString() + " -> " +
               filterContext.Exception.Message + " \t- " + DateTime.Now.ToString() + "\n";
            LogExecutionTime(message);
            LogExecutionTime("---------------------------------------------------------\n");
        }
        private void LogExecutionTime(string message)
        {
            File.AppendAllText(HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath("~/Data/Data.txt"), message);
        }
    } }
Step 4: Add a HomeController. Copy and paste the following code. public class HomeController : Controller {
    [TrackExecutionTime]
    public string Index()
    {
        return "Index Action Invoked";
    }
    [TrackExecutionTime]
    public string Welcome()
    {
        throw new Exception("Exception ocuured");
    } }
Please Note: TrackExecutionTime class is present in MVCDemo.Common namespace.
Build the application and navigate to /Home/Index and then to /Home/Welcome. Notice that the execution times and the exception details are logged in the text file.