Retrieve data from table which contains 600000000 records

To retrieve large quantity of data you need to think below things :
1. table partition
2. Indexing
3. Database file grouping
4.Query optimization
Is data source and destination is on same server or different ?

1. The way you have written your query
like if you have selected all columns then it takes more time like "select * from tablename " instead of "selected column 1,column 2 from table name"
2. put indexes in all "where condition colums"
3. try to use left outer or right outer join instead of inner join.
4. you can put data filter to access records ..
5. you can do archive of the data ..may be create some archive table for original data and just keep it unused data in archive table..